Bacterial vaginosis (BV) happens when the balance of bacteria inside the vagina becomes disrupted. It can cause unusual vaginal discharge.
BV is not a sexually transmitted infection, however it can be tested for and treated at a sexual health clinic.
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The vagina naturally contains mostly "good" bacteria known as lactobacilli, which help maintain a slightly acidic environment. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when there is an overgrowth of "bad" bacteria, called anaerobes, disrupting the balance and making the vagina more alkaline.
Although BV is not an STI, you are at a higher risk of developing the condition if you are sexually active, or if you smoke.
BV can cause an abnormal vaginal discharge that may be described as:
It does not usually cause soreness or itching, and in some cases BV may not cause any symptoms.
If you have symptoms, you can get tested for BV at an axess clinic or by your GP.
Your sexual health clinician will ask you about your symptoms and they may examine your vagina. In some cases, a small sample of vaginal discharge will be taken using a plastic loop or swab so it can be examined for signs of BV.
You do not need to be tested for BV if you do not have symptoms as there is no evidence this will cause any harm, even if you are pregnant.
BV can usually be successfully treated using a short course of antibiotic tablets or an antibiotic gel that you apply inside your vagina. You can get treatment from your GP, local sexual health clinic and in pharmacies.
Anyone pregnant who has symptoms should get prompt treatment, as BV can cause complications and has also been linked to a risk of miscarriage.
It is common for BV to recur. More than half of those successfully treated for BV will find their symptoms return, usually within three months. People who have frequent episodes of BV may be referred to a genitourinary medicine (GUM) specialist.
Although the cases of BV are not well understood, it can be useful to avoid anything that could upset the natural bacterial balance in your vagina, such as using unscented soaps, bubble baths, vaginal deodorant or strong washing detergent, or performing vaginal douching (cleaning out the vagina).
While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent BV, avoiding things that can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina may help. Try to avoid:
Washing with plain water and/or a soap substitute is recommended.
